The first steam turbine used for power generation was invented in 1884. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures. Despite efforts to develop alternative energy converters, electricity from steam will continue, for many years, to provide the power that energizes the united states and world economies. Which is more efficient, a steam engine or a steam turbine. Power plant engineering study notes handwritten free study stuff. Rotor means which part rotate and stator means which part is fixed. This highvelocity steam produces dynamic pressure on the blades in which blades and shaft both start to rotate in the same direction.
Nozzle is the stator part of turbine means it is fixed part. It identifies the basic components of a singlestage steam turbine and describes the function of each. Gas turbines can be used in poweronly generation or in combined heat and power chp systems the most efficient commercial technology for central station poweronly generation is the gas turbinesteam turbinecombinedcycle plant, with efficiencies approaching 60 percent lower heating value lhv. Prior to supplying steam to the turbine, the steam supply pipelines have to be drained and heated up. Lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. Lec11 basic concept of turbine, velocity diagram youtube. A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. Here, it would be very uneconomicaleven wastefulto insist on sp turbines. It explains what a steam turbine does and describes how steam turbines are used in industrial applications. It has almost completely replaced the reciprocating piston steam engine primarily because of its greater thermal efficiency and higher powertoweight ratio. The casing shape and construction details depend on whether it is a high pressure hp or low pressure lp casings. Because the turbine generates rotary motion, it is particularly suited to driving electrical generators about 90% of all electricity generation in the united states 1996 is by use of steam turbines 1 wiser. Below is a transcript of the video sample provided for this module.
Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Lecture 11 basic concept of turbine, velocity diagram lecture 12 steam turbineimpulse lecture reaction turbine compounding lecture 14 comparison of different staging arrangement. Its modern manifestation was invented by charles parsons in 1884 the steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple stages in the expansion of the steam, which results. Apr 06, 2010 lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. The temperature to which steam can be superheated is limited by metallurgical consideration. Moreover, 50inch blades for 3600 rpm and 60inch blades for 3000 rpm with further enhanced.
See more ideas about steam turbine, abandoned factory and industrial photography. The motive power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in momentum of a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved blade which is free to. Steam turbine working principle and types of steam turbine. Lec10 steam power cycle, steam nozzle lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. The steam turbines are widely used in power generation, refineries and petrochemical industries. The governor is a control component with advanced protections for the turbine which ensure safe operation of the turbine. We work to assess and address specific application needs so we can specify and develop a turbine system package that meets and exceeds goals. Applied thermodynamics videos, lectures, classes, courses, books, tutorials nptel thermodynamics videos, thermodynamics video lectures, thermodynamics video classes. Governor is a heart component of the turbine which controls it during steady state and transient conditions. Parsons main thrust for the steam turbine was for generating electrical power, but he also had his eyes on applying the steam turbine to drive ships of all kinds. A good example is a plant where there were several 2 or 3 mw gp steam turbines driving cooling water pump sets.
Nptel mechanical engineering videos video lectures, classes, courses, video clips, tutorials and video downloads from iits, mit, standford and other top educational institutions. Gas turbines can be used in poweronly generation or in combined heat and power chp systems the most efficient commercial technology for central station poweronly generation is the gas turbine steam turbinecombinedcycle plant, with efficiencies approaching 60 percent lower heating value lhv. I downloaded the book from library of the university of california. Nptel video lecture topic list created by linuxpert. Lathrop trotter is the source for gas and steam turbines, turbine generator sets, and combined heat and power solutions. Steam for turbine is provided by pp330140p55 type steam generator, a oncethrough coalfired boiler 8. For example, a steam turbine extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating shaft.
Turbine is a rotary engine that converts the energy of a moving stream of water, steam, or gas into mechanical energy. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. Steam turbine, which of the design is effective model. It steam power plant decreases the moisture content of the steam at the turbine exit as can be seen in ts diagram as shown in figure 2. In noncondensing turbines or backpressure turbines, steam exhausts at a pressure greater than. Gas turbines are available in sizes ranging from 500 kilowatts kw to 250 megawatts mw. The governor does this function by controlling the steam flow through the turbine by adjusting the control value.
Nevertheless modern steam turbines are very efficient and operate with internal efficiencies within the range of 80 percent to 90 percent depending upon the steam conditions. Superheating the steam to higher temperatures has very desirable effect. Steam power engineering video, nptel open course, click here. Further information on stirling engines, including technology videos. The goal of a turbine is to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Steam and gas power systems from indian institute of technology. Working principle of steam turbine depends on the dynamic action of steam. In this article, we will discuss steam turbine basic parts. In case of turbines with cooling water preheating and lowpressure lp bypass, prior to supplying steam the regeneration and dumping systems have to be.
There are two classical types of turbine stage designs. Ic engines and gas turbines from indian institute of technology guwahati. By steam engine i am assuming you mean a steam reciprocating engine, compared to a steam turbine. For this, a steam separator is fitted before the steam engine or steam turbine to separated water particles from steam. Applied thermodynamics for marine systems online course. More than 120,000 steam turbines delivered worldwide prove that we are a reliable and experienced partner.
A turbine stage normally consists of a row of stationary blading and a row of rotating blading. Saturated steam obtained from all types of industrial boilers contains some water particles which decries the economy and efficiency of steam engines and steam turbines. Our steam turbines work as generator drives or as mechanical. Schematic diagram of 200 mw unit 8 construction of the steam generator is carried out in two distinct bodies, symmetrical with the axis of the group, operating in parallel to the k2001 steam turbine. Turbines in ohio, kentucky and indiana lathrop trotter.
Steam turbineimpulse lecture reaction turbine compounding. Its modern manifestation was invented by charles parsons in 1884 the steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple stages in the expansion of the steam, which results in. Boiler mountings and accessories details with video lecture. Take, for instance, a 600 kw steam turbine selected to drive a small, but essential, process gas compressor. The basic element in a turbine is a wheel or rotor with addles, propellers, blades, or buckets arranged on its circumference in. Applied thermodynamics for marine systems nptel online videos. Design, application and rerating explains to readers how steam turbines should be selected, operated, maintained and improved. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine.
Efficiency, while clearly a consideration, takes a less prominent role than in aircraft turbine design. In turbines there are basically 2 part one is called rotor and another is known as stator. I searched the info about the model steam turbine,and i found the book in pdf file. A steam turbine uses thermal energy from pressurised steam to do mechanical work. Steam consumption of steam turbine is depending to required output power and efficiency of the turbine. Mechanical engineering video lectures from nptel, iit, mit. A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and transforms it into mechanical work. With over a century of experience and continuous development in our steam turbine technology, siemens is a prime partner for your business. Maintenance and overhaul of steam turbines wgp42 05. Latest technologies and future prospects for a new steam. Rocket turbine design emphasizes power density, because of the overriding concern for mass saving.
Steam turbine basic parts mechanical engineering site. The book is well written about the model steam turbine and how to calculate and make the steam turbine. Efficiency will depend on turbine size or rotor diameter, blade geometries, speed, extreme condition of steam and other losses. Nov 01, 2007 a good example is a plant where there were several 2 or 3 mw gp steam turbines driving cooling water pump sets. Steam turbine governing and its mechanism ece tutorials. These are both steam engines and more efficiency is gained by the number of expansions that take place. The efficiency of this type of heat engine is directly related to the efficiency of the expansion of the steam. Steam can then be used in conventional steam turbines, with the same options to. Jun 24, 2015 in the second part of this series, the author talked about the story of the first little toy turbine. Steam turbines are one of the most versatile and oldest prime mover technologies still in general production used to drive a generator or mechanical machinery. This article focuses on marine steam turbines and their applications.
For low and moderate inlet steam pressure up to 120 bar, a single shell. In an extracting type turbine, steam is released from variousin an extracting type turbine, steam is released from various stages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sentstages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sent to boiler feed water heater to. This video introduces the operation of noncondensing, singlestage steam turbines in industrial facilities. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. A highvelocity steam is coming from the nozzles and it strikes the rotating blades which are fitted on a disc mounted on a shaft. A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion. Nptel video course ocean engineering applied thermodynamics for marine systems subject coordinator prof. In the second part of this series, the author talked about the story of the first little toy turbine.
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